Utilizaire:Dhegiha/esbòs yokuts

Esbòs del vocabulari de las lengas yokuts

• « ʼ », « ʰ », « ṣ », « čʰ »

Vocabulari general

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	dumna	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
amic		noːčʰi pyo					noːcʰ pyo	noːčʰi pyo	noːčʰi pyo	noːčʰi scl	noːc̣ʰi pyo
aiga		ʔelikʼ poy	ʔilikʼ poy	ʔilikʼ scl	ʔilikʼ yot	ʔilikʼ poy	ʔilakʼ poy	ʔilikʼ shi	ʔitikʼ poy	ʔitikʰ scl	ʔilikʼ scl	ʔilakʼ poy
fuòc		ʔoṣot pm		ʔoṣitʰ scl	ʔuṣitʰ yot	ʔuṣitʰ yot	ʔuṣitʰ	ʔoṣitʼ shi	ʔusitʰ pm	ʔušitʰ scl	ʔoṣitʰ scl
efant						witʰep poy			witʰep poy		witʰep poy
pòrta				sunʼuč slc						ṭʰuŋoːšut slc
alzena										pawukʰ slc	pʼaːwʼukʰ slc
cordèl, ficèla		čʼekiyʼ poy									cʼikeyʼ poy
lagrema		meŋal pyo				manal pyo	maŋal pyo		maŋat pyo		manal pyo	maːŋal pyo
sageta		kʼelkʼal pm						tʼoyos shi			tʼuyos ~ṣikʰil shi
arc		keṭŋalʼ pm		nukʼon scl				ṭʼalapʰ scl		tayapʰ scl	ṭʼalapʰ scl
chaman		ʔeŋṭʰew pyo							ʔaŋṭʰuw pyo	ʔaŋṭʰu scl	ʔanṭʰuw pyo		ʔanṭʰuw pyo
estiu scl				hayaːlew							hayal

Zoologia, botanica, biologia

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	dumna	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
bec											pumuṭʼ shi
bana		ʔešilʼ pyo					ʔïšïl ~ ʔeṣilʼ pyo		ʔïṣat pyo		ʔiṣelʼ pyo	ʔešil pyo
rusca, pèl d'un fruch											ṭʼoːtot shi
flor scl				ʔeːlaw						ʔeːtaw	ʔeːlaw
aglan		pʰetʰuṣ poy							pʰutʰuṣ poy		pʰutʰuṣ poy			pʰutʰuṣ poy
uòu				hon slc						hoŋ slc	hon slc
coa				kʼutʼ scl						kutʰ scl	kʼutʼuṣ scl
raiç scl				hoːpʰul						hoːpʰut	hoːpʰul
sang				pʰaːyax scl							pʰaːyax scl

Anatomia

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
boca		šemaʔ ~ semaʔ poy	sabaʔ poy	ṣamaʔ ~ šamaʔ poy		samʼ poy		šamaʔ poy	šama scl	samaʔ scl	samʼ poy	šamaʔ poy
cavilha									kʰuyo scl	kʰuyuʔ scl
còr				honhon scl		ʔuṣakʼ poy	ʔuṣukʼ scl	honhon scl	hoŋhoŋ scl	ʔuṣukʼ scl	ʔuṣakʼ poy		ʔuṣukʼ poy
còs										pʰoːlutʰ shi
cuèissa scl				kʼowiy						kʼowiy
dent				tʰeːli				tʰeːtiy	tʰeːti	ṭʰeːyiy
espatla scl				kʼapṣal						kʼapsay
fetge scl				tipʰ					tipʰ	tipʰ
linga scl				tʰalxas					tʰatxaṭʰ	tʰalxaṭʰ
nas		ṭʰeŋikʼ pyo	ṭʰidikʼ pyo	sinikʼ pyo	ṭʰinikʼ pyo	ṭʰïŋakʼ ~ ṭʰiŋakʼ pyo			ṭʰïŋïkʰ pyo	ṭʰinikʼ pyo	ṭʰiŋakʼ ~ ṭʰiŋakʼ pyo
aurelha scl				tʰukʼ					tʰukʰ	tʰukʼ
uèlh		sesaʔ ~ šešaʔ pyo	sasaʔ pyo	ṣaṣaʔ scl		sas pyo		šašaʔ pyo	šaša scl	sasaʔ scl	sas ~ sasal pyo
ongla			xeːsix pyo	xeːšix pyo				kʰeːšikʰ pyo			xeːsix pyo	xeːšix pyo
òs				čʼey		cʼiy			čʼiːy	cʼiy
pitre										pʰiʔis shi
subrecilha, ussa				tʼimeːsil					čimeːžit	tʼimeṭʰ
tendon				pʰikʰil				pʰikʰetʰ	pʰikʰet	pʰikʰil

Geografia, astronomia

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	dumna	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
estela		cʼoyoːtas pm	čʼayataš	čʼaytaṣ scl				čʼaytʼas scl		čʼoytʰoš scl	cʼaytas scl
montanha		lomatʰ ~ lomotʰ poy	lubitʰ poy				lumitʰ poy	lomitʰ scl	tumitʰ poy	tomitʰ scl	lomitʰ scl	lomitʰ ~ lomotʰ poy

Parentat

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
frère de la mère							ʔaːkas scl	ʔaːkas gg	ʔakaš scl	ʔaːkaṣ scl
belle-mère				ʔontʰipʰ scl				ʔontʰipʰ gg	ʔontʰipʰ scl	ʔontʰipʰ scl
père				nopʰopʰ scl	nopʰopʰ yot			natʰetʰ gg		nopʰopʰ scl
beau-frère								napʰaːtʰum gg	nipʼey scl	nipʰiy scl
frère aîné				nipečʼ scl				nipečʼ gg	nipečʰ scl	nipecʼ scl
frèrecadet				neʔeṣ scl					neːʔeš scl	neʔeṣ scl
sœur du père				nuṣoṣ scl					nažož scl	nusos scl
beau-père				naxaːmʼiṣ scl					naxamiš scl	naxaːmis scl
sœur de la mère				nikʰetʼ scl						nikʰet scl
mère				noʔom scl	noʔom yot					noʔom scl
belle-fille				ʔonmil scl					ʔonmit scl	ʔonmil scl
belle-sœur				ʔinpay scl					ʔonpʰoy scl	ʔonpoy scl
beau-fils				napʰaːtʰim scl					napʰaːtʰum scl	napʰaːtʰim scl (mari de la sœur)
sœur aînée				naʔatʰ scl			naʔatʰ scl		naʔatʰ scl	naʔat scl
sœur cadette				noʔotʼ scl	noʔotʼ yot				noːʔotʰ scl	noʔot scl
nebot				pučʼon scl				pucʼoŋ scl	pučoŋ scl	pucʼon scl
filh					počʼon yot
bébé					ʔaːxil yot
marit					loːwitʰ yot

Animals

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
vibre		tʼiːpekʰ pyo			tʼeːpikʰ pyo				tʼëːpïkʰ pyo	tʼeːpikʰ pyo	tʼeːpikʼ pyo
can scl				čeːxa	čʼeːšaš		puʔus	cʼëːsas	čeːžež	puʔus
esquiròl								poːhat
coiòt scl				kʰaːyʼu			kʰayʼiw		kʰayu	kʰayʼiw
crotale				nasis scl						naṭʰiṭʰ scl
lebre (jackrabbit)									xomix scl	xomix scl
lop								yawʼticʼ pm		yawlicʼ ~ yawʼlicʼ pm
mosca				kʼamaːṣiʔ scl			moʔnoyʼi shi			monʼay shi~kʼaːmaːṣaʔ scl
mouffette		cʰox pyo		sox scl		cʰox pyo		čʰox pyo	čʰox scl	cʰox scl	cʰox pyo	čʰox pyo	čʰox pyo
ors				nohʔoʔ scl					ŋohoʔoʔ scl	nohʔoʔ scl
pic flamboyant				čʼiwʼsaʔ scl					ṭʼiwiša scl	ṭʼiwissaʔ scl
pic, pic verd				pʰalaːtatʰ scl					pʰalaːtatʰ scl	pʰalaːkʼakʼ scl
peisson		lopʰaṭʰ~ lopʰoṭʰ pyo	lupʰiṭʰ pyo	lopʰis scl		lupʰiṭʰ pyo		topʰiṭʰ pyo	topʰiṭʰ scl	lopʰiṭʰ scl	lupʰiṭʰ pyo	lupʰuṭʰ pyo
pesolh de testa					tʰihiṭʰ pyo	ṭʰahaṭʰ pyo		tʰeheṭʰ pyo		tʰiʔiṭʰ pyo	ṭʰehaṭʰ pyo
pesolh de còs						pʰaṭʰiṭʰ pyo
piuse		pʼaːkʼel pyo		pʼaːkʼilʼ pyo				pʼaːkʼat ~ pʼaːkʼit pyo		pʼaːkʼil pyo
puma		wihiːšet pm		weheːṣit slc				wëhëːšïtʰ pm	wëhëːšïtʰ slc	weheːsitʰ pm
rainal				ʔawʼčaʔ scl				ʔawʼcʰa pm	ʔawʼčʰa scl	ʔawʼcʰaʔ scl
vert				wikʼwikʼ scl						wekʼwekʼ scl
wapiti				ṣohkoy scl					šoxkoy scl	sohkoy scl

Vèrbes

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
avalar				meːkʼi scl						meːkʼi scl
combatre				pʰaʔseʔ scl					pʰaʔaṭʰ scl	pʰaʔaṭʰ scl
dormir					ʔenṭʰim pyo				ʔeŋṭʰam pyo		ʔiŋaṭʰ pyo
rêver				ʔanaswomʼ pyo						ʔanaṭʰwal pyo
ser malaude				tʰixtʰin scl					čʰïxïčʰ scl	tʰextʰin scl
florir										ʔeːliw shi
bufar sus										pʰoːṣu shi
bufar vent										ʔiːlwiyi shi
coser				peːwin scl				peːwin scl		peːwin scl
corir				lihim scl						lihim scl
tirar (arma)				tʼuyoʔ scl						tʼuyu scl
trobar				pokʼo scl						pokʼo scl
veire									ʔëkʰa scl	ʔeːkʼa scl
voler (steal)				ʔoːṣu scl						ʔoːṭʼu scl

Numerals

		palewyami	bas san joaquin	chukchansi	gashowu	hometwoli	tachi	wikchamni	yawdanchi	yawelmani	tulamni	choynimni	chawchila
un		yitʼ pm		yetʼ scl				yetʼ	yetʰ scl	yetʼ scl
dos		poŋoy pyo	podoy pyo	ponoy scl		puŋi ~ puŋiy pyo		poŋoy	pʰoŋoy scl	ponoy scl	puŋi ~ puŋiy pyo	punoy pyo
tres		ṣoːpin pm	ṣoːpʰit pyo	ṣoːpʰin scl		ṣoˑpʰ pyo		soːpʰin	šoːpʰin scl	ṣoːpʰin scl
quatre		hetpeŋay pm		hatʰpanay scl				hatʰpʰaŋiy	hatʼpʰaŋi scl	hotponoy scl
cinc		yetselay pm		yitʼṣinil scl				yitʼšiŋit	yïtʰšiŋutʰ scl	yicʼinil scl
sieis		cʼilipʰiʔ pm		čʼolipʼiy scl				čʼutipʰiy	čʼutipʰi scl	cʼolippʰiy scl
set		nomcin pm		nomčʼin scl				nomčʼin	nomčʰin scl	nomcʼil scl
uech		menʼus pyo		munʼoṣ scl		munʼas pyo		munʼoš	munʼoš scl	munʼos scl	munʼas pyo
nòu		likiyiʔ pm		noːnipʼ scl			saponhot scl	noːnip	noːnipʰ scl	sopʰonhot scl
dietz		ṭʼeyuwʼ pm		čʼeyew scl				ṭʼiyew	ṭʰiyew scl	ṭʼiyʼew scl

Còdis

Lengas yokuts

• yok-chk : chukchansi
• yok-chw : chawchila
• yok-dum : dumna
• yok-gas : gashowu
• yok-hom : hometwoli
• yok-lsj : bas san joaquin
• yok-nop : noptinte
• yok-nut : tachi
• yok-tul : tulamni
• yok-wik : wikchamni
• yok-ywd : yawdanchi

Fonts

• gg o wikchamni (sens precision) : Geoffrey Gamble, Wikchamni Grammar, University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 89, University of California Press, Berkeley et Los Angeles, 1978
• pm : Howard Berman, Merriam’s Palewyami Vocabulary, International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. 68, n°4, 2002, pp. 428-446
• pyo : Kenneth W. Whistler, Victor Golla, Proto-Yokuts Reconsidered, International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. 52, no. 4, 1986, pp. 317-358
• scl : Victor Golla, Comparative Yokuts Phonology, in William Bright (éditeur), Studies in Californian Linguistics, University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 34, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964, pp. 54-66
• yot : Geoffrey Gamble (éditeur), Yokuts Texts, Native American Texts Series 1, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 1994